Research Methods
Advanced
Difference-in-Differences
A causal-inference design that compares changes over time between treated and comparison groups, usually around a policy or legal change.
Why It Matters
It is widely used to study corporate-law reforms, securities enforcement changes, banking rules, and regulatory interventions.
Selected Literature
A short list of directly relevant archive entries.
2004
Intermediate
How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences Estimates?
Marianne Bertrand, Esther Duflo, and Sendhil Mullainathan
Quarterly Journal of Economics
2021
Intermediate
Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods
Brantly Callaway and Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna
Journal of Econometrics
2021
Advanced
Difference-in-Differences with Variation in Treatment Timing
Andrew Goodman-Bacon
Journal of Econometrics
2021
Advanced
Estimating Dynamic Treatment Effects in Event Studies with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
Liyang Sun and Sarah Abraham
Journal of Econometrics
Related Cases
2014
Securities Regulation
Halliburton Co. v. Erica P. John Fund, Inc.
573 U.S. 258 (2014)
Fraud-on-the-market reliance, class certification, and price-impact evidence in securities-fraud class actions.